A survey of the etiological agents of scalp and nail dermatophytosis in Yazd, Iran in 2014-2015
Hossein
Sadeghi Tafti
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
author
Mehraban
Falahati
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Parivash
Kordbacheh
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
author
Mahmoud
Mahmoudi
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Mahin
Safara
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
author
Sara
Rashidian
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
author
Shahram
Mahmoudi
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
author
Farideh
Zaini
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background and Purpose: Tinea capitis and tinea unguium are regarded as global public health concerns. The purpose of the present study was to identify the etiological agents of tinea capitis and tinea unguium in patients, referring to the Central Laboratory of Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted during 2014-2015. Skin scraping, scalp hair, and nail clipping specimens were collected from 134 patients (80 males and 54 females) with clinical features suggesting fungal involvement. Direct microscopic examinations were carried out, using potassium hydroxide 10%, while culture studies were performed on Sabouraud dextrose agar, containing chloramphenicol and cycloheximide at 28°C for four weeks. Fungal colonies were identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, as well as supplementary diagnostic tests. Results: Among 134 patients, 12 cases showed positive results on direct examination and culture studies. The frequency of infections was equal among male and female subjects. Among 12 affected cases, the frequency of tinea capitis and tinea unguium was 91.6% and 8.4%, respectively. Microsporum canis (50%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Trichophyton verrucosum (25%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (25%). Also, tinea unguium, caused by T. mentagrophytes, was found in a female patient. Conclusion: The etiological agents of scalp and nail dermatophytosis have changed in Yazd over the past 13 years. In the present study, replacement of anthropophilic dermatophytes by zoophilic species was noteworthy, highlighting the necessity of efficient surveillance for the management and prevention of infections.
Current Medical Mycology
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2423-3439
1
v.
4
no.
2015
1
6
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90305_d0c64f8a77c1b4f0b878c58dd86098aa.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.4.1
In vitro activity of econazole in comparison with three common antifungal agents against clinical Candida strains isolated from superficial infections
Mahdi
Abastabar
Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
author
Tahereh
Shokohi
Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
author
Reyhaneh
Rouhi Kord
Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
author
Hamid
Badali
Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC), Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
author
Seyed Jamal
Hashemi
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Zeinab
Ghasemi
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Aynaz
Ghojoghi
Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
author
Nesa
Baghi
Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
author
Maryam
Abdollahi
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
author
Susan
Hosseinpoor
Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background and Purpose: Candida species are the most common organisms involved in superficial fungal infections, worldwide. Although econazole is among the most frequently used topical formulations for the treatment of candidiasis, no information is available regarding the susceptibility profiles of Candida species in Iran. Materials and Methods: In vitro susceptibility of 100 clinical Candida isolates belonging to 6 species from superficial candidiasis of Iran towards to econazole was compared with three other common antifungal agents including itraconazole, fluconazole, and miconazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values were analyzed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A3 document. All isolates were previously identified to the species level, using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) on ITS region. Results: The MIC of econazole, itraconazole, miconazole, and fluconazole were within the range of 0.016-16, 0.032-16, 0.016-16, and 0.25-64 g/ml, respectively. In general, econazole and miconazole were more active against Candida isolates, compared to the other two agents. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that for Candida albicans isolates, miconazole and econazole had the best effect, but in non-albicans Candida species, itraconazole and miconazole displayed more activity than other antifungal agents.
Current Medical Mycology
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2423-3439
1
v.
4
no.
2015
7
12
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90306_6c793d814936c8454b15e89f3cc75523.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.4.7
Composition and antifungal activity of Zhumeria majdae essential oil
Zahra
Imani
Pharmaceutical sciences branch, Islamic Azad University
author
Jinus
Asgarpanah
Pharmaceutical sciences branch, Islamic Azad University
author
Farshad
Hashemi
Faculty of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Jamal
Hashemi Hezaveh
School of public health research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background and Purpose: Essential oils extracted from different plants are extensively used in perfume, beverage, and food industries and are reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities against a variety of fungi. Zhumeria majdae belonging to the Lamiaceae family is a rare and endemic medicinal plant species in Iran, with a strong and pleasant odor. The leaves of this plant have been used for many years as an antiseptic carminative agent for the treatment of stomachache (especially in infants) and dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the main constituents of the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of Z. majdae. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined, using serial dilution method. Results: Based on the GC/MS analysis, 31 compounds representing 95.36% of the essential oil, extracted from the aerial parts of the plant, were identified, among which linalool (63.40%) and camphor (27.48%) were recognized as the major constituents. The total phenolic content was 42.74 GAE (mg)/DW (g). The hydro-distilled essential oil from the aerial part of the plant displayed potential antifungal activities against all the tested pathogenic fungal species (i.e., Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Epidermophyton floccosum). Based on the inhibition zone (29 mm) and MIC value (0.015 l/ml), all the tested strains were sensitive to Z. majdae essential oil. Conclusion: The present results support the traditional and possible use of Z. majdae essential oil in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.Background and Purpose: Essential oils extracted from different plants are extensively used in perfume, beverage, and food industries and are reported to exhibit antimicrobial activities against a variety of fungi. Zhumeria majdae belonging to the Lamiaceae family is a rare and endemic medicinal plant species in Iran, with a strong and pleasant odor. The leaves of this plant have been used for many years as an antiseptic carminative agent for the treatment of stomachache (especially in infants) and dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the main constituents of the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of Z. majdae. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined, using serial dilution method. Results: Based on the GC/MS analysis, 31 compounds representing 95.36% of the essential oil, extracted from the aerial parts of the plant, were identified, among which linalool (63.40%) and camphor (27.48%) were recognized as the major constituents. The total phenolic content was 42.74 GAE (mg)/DW (g). The hydro-distilled essential oil from the aerial part of the plant displayed potential antifungal activities against all the tested pathogenic fungal species (i.e., Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, and Epidermophyton floccosum). Based on the inhibition zone (29 mm) and MIC value (0.015 l/ml), all the tested strains were sensitive to Z. majdae essential oil. Conclusion: The present results support the traditional and possible use of Z. majdae essential oil in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Current Medical Mycology
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2423-3439
1
v.
4
no.
2015
13
19
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90307_af3732dab9a2c00cf4bc580374d154ad.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.4.13
A study on etiologic agents and clinical manifestations of dermatophytosis in Yazd, Iran
Sara
Rashidian
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Mehraban
Falahati
00000
author
Parivash
Kordbacheh
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Mahmoud
Mahmoudi
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Mahin
Safara
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Hossein
Sadeghi Tafti
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Shahram
Mahmoudi
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
Farideh
Zaini
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background and Purpose: Dermatophytosis is one of the most common infections of skin, hair, and nails, caused by a group of keratinophilic fungi known as dermatophytes. Species identification of these fungi is of great significance from epidemiological and therapeutic points of view. The objective of the present study was to investigate dermatophytosis and its causative agents in patients, referring to the Central Mycology Laboratory of Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: In total, 139 clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis were examined during 12 months from February 2014 to February 2015. Skin scrapings were assessed through direct microscopic examinations and culture studies. Dermatophyte isolates were identified based on colony morphology on potato dextrose agar and dermatophyte test medium, nutritional requirements, urease and hair perforation tests, and microscopic characteristics on slide cultures. Results: Dermatophytosis was mycologically confirmed in 26 (18.70%) out of 139 cases. Although there was a statistically insignificant difference between male and female subjects, men were dominantly affected. Infection was significantly common in the age group of ≤ 29 years (p <0.043). The most common clinical manifestation of dermatophytosis was tinea corporis (69.2%), followed by tinea cruris (15.4%), tinea manuum (11.5%), and tinea pedis (3.8%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex was the main etiologic agent (38.5%), followed by T. rubrum (23%), T. violaceum (15.5%), T. verrucosum (11.5%), Microsporum canis (7.7%), and Epidermophyton floccosum (3.8%). Conclusion: In comparison with previous research, epidemiology of dermatophytosis has changed in Yazd over the past decades. Therefore, periodical investigations on the epidemiological aspects of this infection are required for efficient control and prevention of this cutaneous dermatophytic disease.
Current Medical Mycology
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2423-3439
1
v.
4
no.
2015
20
25
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90308_645e27655622a8eec740828def9d723e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.4.20
Molecular identification and in-vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species isolated from patients with onychomycosis
Keyvan
Pakshir
Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
kamiar
zomorodian
Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Alireza
Zakaei
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Marjan
Motamedi
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Mossa
Rahimi Ghiasi
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
Mohsen
Karamitalab
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background and Purpose: Candida species are the most opportunistic fungi affecting the nails and resulting in onychomycosis. In this study, we identified and evaluated in-vitro susceptibility of the recovered isolates against fluconazole (FLC), voriconazole (VRC), and clotrimazole (CLT) using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 document. Materials and Methods: From patients with either clinically or mycologically proven onychomycosis, 97 isolates comprising of seven Candida species were isolated, which were identified by both conventional and molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. In addition, Candida dubliniensis was confirmed by restriction endonuclease analysis. Antifungal susceptibility of each isolate against the three azoles applied in this study was determined using the CLSI microdilution reference method M27-A3. Results: Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis) was the most frequently isolated species (n=44), followed by C. albicans (n=23), C. tropicalis (n=13), C. glabrata (n=7), C. krusei (n=6), C. guilliermondii (n=3), and C. dubliniensis (n=1). All the isolates were susceptible to CLT. VRC had lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the isolates compared to FLC. Geometric mean MIC values of VRC, FLC, and CLT for C. parapsilosis isolates were 0.07 µg/ml, 0.8 µg/ml, and 0.35 µg/ml, respectively. Collectively, all species exhibited greater susceptibility to VRC in comparison to C. albicans (P≤0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that non-albicans Candida species were the most common etiologic agents of non-dermatophyte onychomycosis. The major antifungal agents used in clinics to empirically treat yeast onychomycosis are FLC and CLT. Our data suggested that CLT is a better choice for the treatment of Candida onychomycosis, especially in drug resistant cases.
Current Medical Mycology
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2423-3439
1
v.
4
no.
2015
26
32
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90309_e109a12c0db9756c07f17eaf6be5ba8e.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.4.26
Oropharyngeal candidiasis in children with lymphohematopoietic malignancies in Mashhad, Iran
Fariba
Berenji
Prof.of Parasitology, School of Medicine,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Nona
Zabolinejad
Associate Prof.of Pathology, School of Medicine,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Zahra
Badiei
3. Associate Prof.of Pediatric Hematology, School of Medicine,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
soraya
Kakhi
4. M.D, School of Medicine,Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Zohre
Andalib Aliabadi
5. Msc of Parasitology,School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
Majid
Ganjbakhsh
6. Msc Student of Mycology,School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background and Purpose: Over the past years, the role of fungi as a cause of nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients has been accentuated. Candida species constitute an important group of fungi causing diseases in immunocompromised patients. Oropharyngeal candidiasis continues to be a prevalent infection in immunodeficient patients. In this study, we aimed to determine the incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis in children with lymphohematopoietic malignancies. Materials and Methods: In total, 102 patients with lymphohematopoietic malignancies and 50 healthy controls were examined in terms of Candida infections via direct sampling of the oropharyngeal cavity. Fresh smears were prepared with 10% potassium hydroxide and Gram staining was carried out. Subsequently, the obtained specimens were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar for further analysis. Results: The most common Candida species were Candida albicans (31%), other non-C. albicans species (14.7%), C. glabrata (6.8%), and C. krusei (0.98%) in the case group, while in the control group, other non-C. albicans species (10%) and C. albicans (8%) were the most common species. Conclusion: In the present study, Candida species were the most common fungal pathogens in pediatric cancer patients; therefore, efforts should be made to prevent fungemia and fungal pneumonia. Also, non-C. albicans species must be considered as a new risk factor for pediatric cancer patients.
Current Medical Mycology
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2423-3439
1
v.
4
no.
2015
33
36
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90310_31d408f699a9ae16196900c175e5aa0a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.4.33
Evaluation of the antifungal activity of olive leaf aqueous extracts against Candida albicans PTCC-5027
zahra
Nasrollahi
Religion and Medicine Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
author
maryam
abolhasannejad
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
author
text
article
2015
eng
In this study, antifungal property of olive leaf extracts against Candida albicans PTCC-5027 was examined. Fresh olive leaf extracts were prepared using distilled water in a Soxhlet apparatus. The antifungal activity of the extract was analyzed by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), using the microdilution test and disc diffusion assay. The olive leaf aqueous extracts exhibited antifungal effects against the yeast with an MIC of 24 mg/ml, MFC of 48 mg/ml, and inhibition zone diameter of 21 mm. The results indicated the sensitivity of Candida albicans PTCC-5027 to olive leaf aqueous extracts.
Current Medical Mycology
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2423-3439
1
v.
4
no.
2015
37
39
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90311_ad147b0d579dc22c068ab1ee67944f8c.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.4.37
In vitro antifungal properties of Pistacia atlantica and olive extracts on different fungal species
Zahra
Shialy
Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Majid
Zarrin
Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
author
Batool
Sadeghi-Nejad
Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran and Cellular, Molecular Research Center of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
author
S
Yusef Naanaie
Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center
author
text
article
2015
eng
Background and Purpose: Pistacia atlantica, which belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, grows in the Zagrossian region of Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal properties of Pistacia atlantica and olive leaf extracts against different fungal species. Materials and Methods: In this study, we assessed the activities of olive leaf extracts and Pistacia atlantica leaf and fruit extracts against Candida species, including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei. In addition, antifungal activities against three filamentous species, i.e., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigates, were assessed, using the agar-well diffusion method. Results: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values of fruit and leaf extracts from Pistacia atlantica ranged 6.25-12.5 mg ml-1 and 6.25-25 mg ml-1 against the tested Candida and Aspergillus species, respectively. The olive leaf extracts showed no activity against Candida species or Aspergillus flavus, while they exhibited antifungal potency against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus (MIC: 12.5-25 mg/ml). The MICs of the mixture of selected extracts ranged from 6.25 to 25 mg/ml. Conclusion: Based on the results, the ethanolic extracts of the selected plants exhibited antifungal potency against the tested fungi and could be used as natural antifungal agents.
Current Medical Mycology
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
2423-3439
1
v.
4
no.
2015
40
45
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90312_7ee6d696cfae03c9f021c244c0ebd1b9.pdf
dx.doi.org/DOI:10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.4.40