eng
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
2015-06-01
1
2
1
6
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.1
90285
Molecular identification of uncommon clinical yeast species in Iran
Ladan Karimi
1
Hossein Mirhendi
mirhendi@tums.ac.ir
2
Hossein Khodadadi
hosseinkhodadadi0@gmail.com
3
Rasoul Mohammadi
dr.rasol_mohammadi@yahoo.com
4
Dr. Beheshti Hospital, Social Security Organization, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Background and Purpose: By using advanced detection/identification methods, the list of emerging uncommon opportunistic yeast infections is rapidly expanding worldwide. Our aim in the present study was sequence-based species delineation of previously unidentified yeasts obtained from a clinically yeast collection. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty three out of the 855 (5.7%) yeast isolates which formerly remained unidentified by PCR-RFLP method, were subjected to sequence analysis of the entire internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of rDNA. The precise species recognition was performed by the comparison of the sequences with the reliable GenBank database. Results: Sequencing analysis of the ITS region of the strains revealed several uncommon yeasts that were not reported previously in Iran. The species include Hanseniaspora uvarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sporidiobolus salmonicolor, Pichia fabianii, Pichia fermentans, Candida famata, Candida inconspicua, Candida maqnoliae, Candida guilliermondii, Candida kefyr, Candida rugosa, Candida lusitaniae, Candida orthopsilosis, and Candida viswanathii. Conclusion: We identified several rare clinical isolates selected from a big collection at the species level by ITS-sequencing. As the list of yeast species as opportunistic human fungal infections is increasing dramatically, and many isolates remain unidentified using conventional methods, more sensitive and specific advanced approaches help us to clarify the aspects of microbial epidemiology of the yeast infections.
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90285_d1919dc0f68d68972eaeb8d8f7cc3fac.pdf
Iran
Molecular typing
Yeasts
eng
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
2015-06-01
1
2
7
12
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.7
90286
In vitro antifungal activities of Euphorbia macroclada and fluconazole against pathogenic Candida species
Shahram Mahmoudi
sh.mahmoudi93@gmail.com
1
Mohammad Roustaei
roostaei.mohammad@yahoo.com
2
Farideh Zaini
fzaini@tums.ac.ir
3
Parivash Kordbacheh
parivash_kordbacheh@yahoo.com
4
Mahin Safara
msafara@tums.ir
5
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Background and Purpose: Candida species constitute an important group of opportunistic fungi, which cause various clinical diseases. Considering the resistance of some Candida species to conventional antifungal agents, treatment of such cases may be challenging and complicated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the antifungal activities of Euphorbia macroclada latex and fluconazole against different Candida species. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 Candida isolates including C. albicans (n=77), C. glabrata (n=28), C. parapsilosis (n=23), C. tropicalis (n=15), C. krusei (n=4), C. famata (n=1), C. kefyr (n=1) and C. inconspicua (n=1) were included in this study. In vitro antifungal activities of Euphorbia macroclada latex and fluconazole against these Candida species were evaluated, according to M27-A2 protocol on broth macrodilution method by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: Among 150 Candida isolates, 98 isolates (65.33%), i.e., C. albicans (n=41), C. glabrata (n=23), C. tropicalis (n=12) and C. parapsilosis (n=22) with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 8 μg/ml were susceptible to fluconazole. Resistance to fluconazole was noted in 15 isolates, i.e., C. albicans (n=10), C. glabrata (n=2), C. krusei (n=1), C. kefyr (n=1), and C. inconspicua (n=1), with MICs of 64 µg/ml. The remaining isolates (n=37) including C. albicans (n=26), C. glabrata (n=3), C. tropicalis (n=3), C. parapsilosis (n=1), C. krusei (n=3) and C. famata (n=1) with MIC= 16-32 µg/ml showed dose-dependent susceptibility. The latex of Euphorbia macroclada was able to inhibit the growth of 30 out of 150 tested Candida isolates with MIC range of 128-512 µg/ml. These isolates were as follows: C. albicans (n=2), C. glabrata (n=4), C. parapsilosis (n=19), C. krusei (n=2) and C. tropicalis (n=3). Compared to other isolates, higher MIC values were noted for C. albicans and C. glabrata (512 µg/ml), respectively. Conclusion: The latex of Euphorbia macroclada showed notable antifungal activities against some pathogenic Candida species. Therefore, it can be potentially used as an alternative antifungal agent in future. However, further research is required to identify its active components.
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90286_b7616f7e0c2e6a2eedf288b695ddb7e9.pdf
Antifungal agents
Candida
Euphorbia
Fluconazole
eng
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
2015-06-01
1
2
13
18
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.13
90287
Molecular detection of Pneumocystis jirovecii using polymerase chain reaction in immunocompromised patients with pulmonary disorders in northeast of Iran
Mahmood Parian
pariannm1@mums.ac.ir
1
Abdolmajid Fata
fataa@mums.ac.ir
2
Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh
najafzadehmj@mums.ac.ir
3
Fariba Rezaeitalab
rezaeitalabf@mums.ac
4
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Department of Internal Medicine, Imam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Background and Purpose: Pneumocystis pneumonia, caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii, is a fatal disease threatening patients with AIDS or immunosuppression. Assessment of colonization in these patients is of great significance, since it can lead to severe pulmonary disorders. Considering the scarcity of published reports on Pneumocystis jirovecii isolates from patients in Mashhad, Iran, we aimed to evaluate pneumocystis colonization in individuals with different pulmonary disorders. Materials and Methods: We used nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to amplify mitochondrial large subunit-ribosomal ribonucleic acid (mtLSU-rRNA) gene in 60 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples, obtained from patients, referring to the Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonary Diseases Section) at Imam Reza Hospital, affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Results: DNA of Pneumocystis jirovecii was detected in 10 out of 60 BAL samples (16.66%) via nested PCR method. Conclusion: According to the present findings, the colonization rate of Pneumocystis jirovecii was similar to the rates reported in other similar studies in Iran.
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90287_04801140230d748724b6cd3e6d4e8546.pdf
Nested PCR
P. jirovecii
eng
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
2015-06-01
1
2
19
24
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.19
90288
Antifungal activity of terrestrial Streptomyces rochei strain HF391 against clinical azole -resistant Aspergillus fumigatus
S Hadizadeh
1
H Forootanfar
2
GH Shahidi Bonjar
3
M Falahati Nejad
4
A Karamy Robati
5
SA Ayatollahi Mousavi
aminayatollahi@kmu.ac.ir
6
S Amirporrostami
7
Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Department of Plant Pathology & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Background and Purpose: Actinomycetes have been discovered as source of antifungal compounds that are currently in clinical use. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) due to Aspergillus fumigatus has been identified as individual drug-resistant Aspergillus spp. to be an emerging pathogen opportunities a global scale. This paper described the antifungal activity of one terrestrial actinomycete against the clinically isolated azole-resistant A. fumigatus. Materials and Methods: Soil samples were collected from various locations of Kerman, Iran. Thereafter, the actinomycetes were isolated using starch-casein-nitrate-agar medium and the most efficient actinomycetes (capable of inhibiting A. fumigatus) were screened using agar block method. In the next step, the selected actinomycete was cultivated in starch-casein- broth medium and the inhibitory activity of the obtained culture broth was evaluated using agar well diffusion method. Results: The selected actinomycete, identified as Streptomyces rochei strain HF391, could suppress the growth of A. fumigatus isolates which was isolated from the clinical samples of patients treated with azoles. This strain showed higher inhibition zones on agar diffusion assay which was more than 15 mm. Conclusion: The obtained results of the present study introduced Streptomyces rochei strain HF391 as terrestrial actinomycete that can inhibit the growth of clinically isolated A. fumigatus.
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90288_479dcc3fab0844cccd7f96b6cc922c77.pdf
Actinomycetes
Antifungal agents
Aspergillus fumigatus
Azoles resistant
eng
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
2015-06-01
1
2
25
30
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.25
90289
Serum immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin G reactivity to Agaricus bisporus proteins in mushroom cultivation workers
Zahra Khakzad
1
Mohammad T. Hedayati
hedayatimt@gmail.com
2
Safarali Mahdian
3
Sabah Mayahi
sabah.mayahi@gmail.com
4
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran
Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Background and Purpose: Although molds are regarded as the main fungal allergen sources, evidence indicates that spores of Basidiomycota including Agaricus bisporus (A. bisporus) can be also found at high concentrations in the environment and may cause as many respiratory allergies as molds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against A. bisporus via immunoblotting technique in individuals working at mushroom cultivation centers. Materials and Methods: In this study, 72 workers involved in the cultivation and harvest of button mushrooms were enrolled. For the analysis of serum IgE and IgG, A. bisporus grown in Sabouraud dextrose broth was harvested and ruptured by liquid nitrogen and glass beads. The obtained sample was centrifuged and the supernatant was collected as “crude extract” (CE). CE was separated via Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The separated proteins were transferred to a nitrocellulose filter and the bands responsive to IgE and IgG were identified by anti-human conjugated antibodies. All participants were screened in terms of total IgE level. Results: Among 72 workers, 18 (25%) had a total IgE level higher than 188 IU/mL. In SDS-PAGE, the CE of A. bisporus showed 23 different protein bands with a molecular weight range of 13-80 kDa. The sera of 23.6% and 55.5% of participants showed positive response, with specific IgE and IgG antibodies against A. bisporus in the blot, respectively. The bands with molecular weights of 62 and 68 kDa were the most reactive protein components of A. bisporus to specific IgE antibodies. Moreover, bands with molecular weights of 57 and 62 kDa showed the highest reactivity to IgG, respectively. Also, 62 and 68 kDa components were the most reactive bands with both specific IgG and IgE antibodies. Conclusion: The obtained findings revealed that A. bisporus has different allergens and antigens, which contribute to its potential as an aeroallergen in hypersensitivity-related reactions of the lungs.
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90289_8a754a5d544c3db04a804a81f5048052.pdf
Agaricus bisporus
Immunoblotting
Immunoglobulin E
Immunoglobulin
eng
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
2015-06-01
1
2
31
38
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.31
90290
Detection of fungi by conventional methods and semi-nested PCR in patients with presumed fungal keratitis
Iman Haghani
imaan.haghani@gmail.com
1
Fatemeh Amirinia
2
Kiumars Nowroozpoor Dailami
3
Tahereh Shokohi
shokohi.tahereh@gmail.com
4
Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC) and Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Invasive Fungi Research Centre (IFRC) and Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Background and Purpose: Fungal keratitis is a suppurative, ulcerative, and sight-threatening infection of the cornea that sometimes leads to blindness. The aims of this study were: recuperating facilities for laboratory diagnosis, determining the causative microorganisms, and comparing conventional laboratory diagnostic tools and semi-nested PCR. Materials and Methods: Sampling was conducted in patients with suspected fungal keratitis. Two corneal scrapings specimens, one for direct smear and culture and the other for semi- nested PCR were obtained. Results: Of the 40 expected cases of mycotic keratitis, calcofluor white staining showed positivity in 25%, culture in 17.5%, KOH in 10%, and semi-nested PCR in 27.5%. The sensitivities of semi-nested PCR, KOH, and CFW were 57.1%, 28.5%, and 42% while the specificities were 78.7%, 94%, and 78.7%, respectively. The time taken for PCR assay was 4 to 8 hours, whereas positive fungal cultures took at least 5 to 7 days. Conclusion: Due to the increasing incidence of fungal infections in people with weakened immune systems, uninformed using of topical corticosteroids and improper use of contact lens, fast diagnosis and accurate treatment of keratomycosis seems to be essential. Therefore, according to the current study, molecular methods can detect mycotic keratitis early and correctly leading to appropriate treatment.
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90290_2ad7f98b89b04590fbe13a7e2d49a92c.pdf
Diagnosis
Keratitis
Nested PCR
eng
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
2015-06-01
1
2
39
45
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.39
90291
Sporotrichosis in Iran: A mini review of reported cases in patients suspected to cutaneous leishmaniasis
shahram mahmoudi
sh.mahmoudi93@gmail.com
1
farideh zaini
fzaini@tums.ac.ir
2
MSc Student of Medical Mycology, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Professor of Medical Mycology, Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sporotrichosis is a chronic subcutaneous fungal infection with global distribution. It is a rare fungal infection with nine reported cases in Iran, including eight humans and one animal, within the past 30 years. Among the human cases, seven were of the fixed cutaneous type of sporotrichosis and one had sporotrichoid lymphocutaneous. The reported patients were within the age range of 23-60 years, and six of them were female. The most frequent sites of infection were forearms and hands, as well as the face and legs. In addition, the majority of the cases had previously been suspected of leishmaniasis and received treatment. Sporotrichosis is not a well-known condition in Iran and is often misdiagnosed and erroneously treated for other cutaneous parasitic or bacterial infections with similar clinical manifestations. Therefore, sporotrichosis should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of nodular-ulcerative skin lesions.
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90291_5074fc62d104c5c89a1d2644a5fd690a.pdf
Mycoses
Parasitic disease
skin
Sporothrix
Iran
eng
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
2015-06-01
1
2
46
52
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.2.46
90292
Steroid-binding receptors in fungi: implication for systemic mycoses
Mostafa chadeganipour
chadeganipour@med.mui.ac.ir
1
Rasoul Mohammadi
dr.rasoul_mohammadi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
It has been shown that some of the mycotic infections especially systemic mycoses show increased male susceptibility and some steroids have been known to influence the immune response. Researchers found that some fungi including yeasts use "message molecules" including hormones to elicit certain responses, especially in the sexual cycle, but until recently no evidence was available to link specific hormonal evidence to this pronounced sex ratio. More evidence needed to demonstrate that a steroid (s) might in some manner influence the pathogenicity of the fungus in vivo. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to shed some light on this subject along with effort to make mycologists more aware of this research as a stimulus for the explore of new ideas and design further research in this area of medical mycology.
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90292_ec963dcbe1e4cec40938b14113277086.pdf
Steroid-binding receptors
Systemic mycoses