Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
1
1
2015
03
01
Lack of Cryptococcus gattii from Eucalyptus in Ahvaz
1
3
EN
Zahra
Salehei
Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Ali
Zarei Mahmoudabadi
0000-0002-5347-2082
Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
zarei40@hotmail.com
Majid
Zarrin
Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
mjzarrin@yahoo.co.uk
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.1.1
The basidiomycetous yeast genus Cryptococcus contains two medically important pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii [1-3]. C. neoformans is one of the common pathogens in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), whereas the most cases of diseases due to C. gattii happened in the healthy individuals [2, 4]. C. gattii has a tendency to affect the respiratory and nervous systems of the humans and domestic animals such as, dogs, cats, and horses [5]. C. gattii is more geographically restricted than C. neoformans and is largely confined to tropical and subtropical regions. Several reports show that C. gattii was isolated from Eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus tereticornis, E. citriodora and E. camaldulensis) in Australia [4, 6, 7].
Lack,Cryptococcus gattii,Eucalyptus
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90277.html
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90277_c43f35b3e8bc739f96b23bb68e225ad2.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
1
1
2015
03
01
PCR - RFLP patterns for the differentiation of the Fusarium species in virtue of ITS rDNA
4
11
EN
Reza
Kachuei
Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
kachueiz@yahoo.com
Mohammad Hossein
Yadegari
Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
yadegarm@modares.ac.ir
N
Safaie
Department of Plant Pathology ,Faculty of Agriculture ,Tarbiat Modares University ,Tehran , Iran
SA
Ghiasian
Medical Parasitology and Mycology Department, School of Medicine , Hamadan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Hamadan, Iran
F
Noorbakhsh
Department of biology, School of Basic Science , Islamic Azad University-pishva varamin branch, Tehran, Iran
V
Piranfar
Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
sasan
rezaie
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medial Sciences,Iran
srezaie@sina.tums.ac.ir
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.1.4
Background and Purpose: The Fusarium species are among the most important fungi in the medical, veterinary and agricultural fields. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 172 strains of these fungi have been analyzed. The high molecular weight DNAs were extracted from 23 reference strains as well as from 149 isolated Fusarium species. Using the designed nucleotide primers from rDNA of Fusarium species, PCR analysis was performed for the amplification of ITS regions. Afterwards, the location of the effective endonuclease enzymes has been evaluated within approximately 930 bp of rDNA sequence. Results: Through the selected enzymes including; HhaI, MspI, TaqI and FaqI, the mentioned Fusarium species have been divided into 33 groups. The first three enzymes were able to classify Fusarium species into 23 groups of which 19 groups included one member, one group included two members and three groups included three members of the Fusarium species. This study also revealed the possibility in the identification of F. semitectum, F. solani complex, F. pseudograminearum, F. nisikadoi, F. coeruleum and F. acuminatum species by one unique enzyme. In addition, our study indicated the ability of the differentiation of F. Compactum from F. equiseti. Conclusion: As Compared to previous studies with more endonuclease enzymes and with limited in identifications, the ITS-RFLP patterns reported here an attempted to evaluate most of the Fusarium species successfully.
Fusarium,PCR-RFLP,ITS rDNA
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90278.html
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90278_f30f372c8aca1609508c889ddca9b33d.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
1
1
2015
03
01
Detection of galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage of the intensive care unit patients at risk for invasive aspergillosis
12
17
EN
Sadegh
Khodavaysi
0000-0001-8039-4991
Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Public Health and National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
sadegh_7392008@yahoo.com
Mohmmad Taghi
Hedayati
0000-0001-6415-4648
Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
hedayatimt@gmail.com
Masoud
Alialy
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
masoud_aliyali@yahoo.com
Mohammad Reza
Habibi
Department of Anesthesiologist and Critical Care Division, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
mhabibi@mazums.ac.ir
Hamid
Badali
Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
badali@yahoo.com
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.1.12
Background and Purpose: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is one of the most common life-threatening fungal infections among the critically ill patients including intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Delayed diagnosis and therapy may lead to poor outcomes. Diagnosis may be facilitated by a test for molecular biomarkers, i.e. detection of galactomannan (GM) antigen based on enzyme immunoassay, which is of increasing interest in the clinical settings for the diagnosis of IA. In the present study, we assessed GM testing of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid as a tool for early diagnosis of IA among ICU patients who were at risk for developing IA. Material and Methods: A prospective study was performed in ICU patients with underlying predisposing conditions for IA between August 2010 and September 2011. BAL samples for direct microscopic examination, culture, and GM detection were obtained once or twice weekly. GM in BAL levels was measured using the Platellia Aspergillus EIA test kit. According to modified European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer/ Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria, patients were classified as having probable or possible IA. Results: Out of 43 suspected patients to IA, 13 (30.2%) cases showed IA. According to the criteria presented by EORTC/MSG, they were categorized as: 4 cases (30.8%) of possible IA and 9 (69.2%) of probable IA. Out of 21 BAL samples from patients with IA, 11 (52.4%) had at least one positive BAL GM index. Using a cutoff index of 0.5, the sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values of GM detection in BAL fluid were 100%, 85.7%, 65.7% and 96%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity was 73% and 92.7% at cutoff ≥1.0, respectively. In 6 of 13 IA cases, BAL culture or direct microscopic examination remained negative, whereas GM in BAL was positive. Conclusion: Our data have revealed that the sensitivity of GM detection in BAL was better than that of conventional tests. It seems that GM detection in BAL is beneficial to establish or exclude the early diagnosis of IA in ICU patients.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis,galactomannan,bronchoalveolar lavage,Intensive Care Units
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90279.html
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90279_eddb9bd9841a71f5b58ec4f2ec2d48a7.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
1
1
2015
03
01
Lamisil, a potent alternative antifungal drug for otomycosis
18
21
EN
Ali
Zarei Mahmoudabadi
0000-0002-5347-2082
Health Research Institute, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
zarei40@hotmail.com
Zahra
Seifi
0000-0002-9507-2773
Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
zhrseifi@gmail.com
Maral
Gharaghani
Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.1.18
Background and Purpose: Otomycosis is an acute, subacute or chronic fungal infection of the pinna, the external auditory meatus and the ear canal caused mainly by several species of saprophytic fungi. Lamisil (Terbinafine) is an allylamine antifungal agent, that is used both in the topical and oral administration for the treatment of dermatophytosis, cutaneous candidiasis, and the pityriasis versicolor. We investigated the in vitro activity of clotrimazole, miconazole, nystatin, and Lamisil against the agents of otomycosis. Materials and Methods: Fifteen clinically obtained isolates from otomycosis (Aspergillus species; n=13, and Candida species, n=2) and 8 environmental isolates of Aspergillus were tested. The disk diffusion method was employed to detect susceptibility. In the present study, the in vitro activity of the terbinafine with clotrimazole, miconazole, and nystatin against several isolates of Aspergillus and Candida with different sources were compared.<br /> Results: Out of 23 isolates of Aspergillus, Candida 4(17.4%) and 1(4.4%) were resistant to nystatin and miconazole, respectively. In addition, all tested organisms were sensitive to clotrimazole and terbinafine. Statistical analysis has shown that there are no significant differences on the effects of clotrimazole, miconazole and, terbinafine on saprophytic (environmental) and pathogenic isolates of A. niger, A. flavus, and A. terreus (P value= 0.85). In addition, all tested organisms were found to be highly susceptible to terbinafine (p < 0.04). Conclusion: This is a new approach for the possible use of Lamisil for the treatment of otomycosis.
Aspergillus species,Candida species,Lamisil,Otomycosis
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90280.html
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90280_733de0ddba1e6063b52ea5b6cee69ca5.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
1
1
2015
03
01
Plasma levels of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in HIV-1 patients with oral candidiasis
22
25
EN
Alireza
Izadi
Kerman Medical University
izadi@kmu.ac.ir
GolamReza
Asadikaram
Kerman Medical University
asadi@kmu.ac.ir
Nozar
Nakhaee
Kerman Medical University
nakhai@kmu.ac.ir
Sanaz
Hadizadeh
Kerman Medical University
hadizadeh@kmu.ac.ir
Seyyed Amin
Ayatollahi Mousavi
0000-0003-3517-5583
Kerman Medical University
aminayatollahi@kmu.ac.ir
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.1.22
Background and Purpose: TGF-β is a potent regulator and suppressor of the immune system and overproduction of this cytokine may contribute to immunosuppression in HIV-infected patients. Increasing population of immunosuppressed patients has resulted in increasingly frequent of fungal infections, including oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of TGF-β under in vivo conditions. Materials and Methods: Seventy- two samples were obtained from the oral cavities of HIV-positive Iranian patients and cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and CHROMagar. Also blood samples were obtained to assess TGF-β levels using ELISA technique..<br /> Results: Thirty-three out of 72 oral samples yielded candida isolates, Candida albicans in 14 and non-albicans candida in 19.Fungal infection decreased significantly more TGF-β level than non-fungal infection also HIV negative were significantly more TGF-β than HIV positive. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a significant interaction between fungal infection and HIV on expression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta.
transforming Growth Factor Beta,Candidiasis,HIV
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90281.html
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90281_2a01029313dbbdd129a56304582e8f83.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
1
1
2015
03
01
Effects of thiamine on growth, aflatoxin production, and aflr gene expression in A. parasiticus
26
34
EN
Ladan
Nazemi
0000-0003-0022-0082
Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
ladan_nazemi@yahoo.com
Parivash
Kordbacheh
Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
pkordbacheh@tums.ac.ir
Roshanak
Daei Ghazvini
0000-0001-5320-5323
Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
roshanak1043@yahoo.com
Maryam
Moazeni
0000-0001-6581-2139
Invasive Fungi Research Centre/ Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
moazeni.maryam@gmail.com
Maryam
Akbari Dana
Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
maryam_dana58@yahoo.com
Sassan
Rezaie
0000-0001-5048-1365
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
srezaie@tums.ac.ir
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.1.26
Background and Purpose: Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites with a very high diversity that are produced by some species of Aspergillus which frequently leads to contaminate food and agricultural products. Recently, elimination of aflatoxin contamination in food and feed has been considered by scientists worldwide. Although, the antibacterial and antifungal effects of vitamins as natural compounds have been proven, the mechanism of vitamins effect on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production is not yet clear. In this study, the effect of thiamine (vitamin B1) was studied on Aspergillus parasiticus growth, aflatoxins production and the afIR gene expression. Materials and Methods: A standard strain of Aspergillus parasiticus was applied for performing antifungal susceptibility test in different concentrations of thiamine. Antifungal susceptibility test was performed according to CLSI M38-A2 document. The concentration of aflatoxin was determined by HPLC. Moreover, the quantitative changes in the aflR gene expression were analyzed by Real Time PCR method.<br /> Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration was yielded as > 500 mg/ml. However, HPLC analysis results showed that aflatoxin production reduced in samples treated with 500 mg/ml of thiamine. In addition, the level of afIR gene expression was significantly reduced after treating with 500 and 250 mg/ml of vitamin B1. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, thiamine could not inhibit the fungal growth completely. However, the rate of afIR gene expression and aflatoxin production was significantly reduced after fungal treating with thiamine. Consequently, using natural compounds such as vitamins may be regarded as potential antitoxic agent in food industry and the industries related to agriculture.
Aflatoxins,Aspergillus,AFLR protein,Gene expression,Thiamine
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90282.html
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90282_bf6b107258cd50e0a0238b071fe38d6c.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
1
1
2015
03
01
A real time PCR assay on blood for diagnosis of invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised patient
35
41
EN
Mohsen
Ashrafi
Student research committee
mohsen.ashrafy@gmail.com
Mojtaba
Nabili
0000-0002-1461-4164
Student research committee,
m.nabili2010@gmail.com
Tahereh
Shokohi
0000-0003-3094-8436
Invasive Fungi Research Center(IFRC), and Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
shokohi.tahereh@gmail.com
Ghasem
Janbabaie
Department of InDepartment of Internal Medicine, Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center
Mohamad Taghi
Hedayati
0000-0001-6415-4648
Department of Internal Medicine, Cell and Molecular Biology Research Center,
hedayatimt@gmail.com
Kamran
Ali-Moghaddam
5Hematology-Oncology Research Center and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center (HORCSCT),
alimgh@ams.ac.ir
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.1.35
Background and Purpose: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematologic disorders and bone marrow transplant recipients. Rapid, specific and sensitive test for the timely accuracy in immunocompromised patients to reduce mortality rates and prevent IC progress is necessary. We established a real-time PCR assay on blood for the diagnosis and differentiation of the causative Candida species. Materials and Methods: Whole blood samples were collected twice, from 72 patients for Real Time PCR and blood culture assays. The primers and hybridization probes were designed to potentiate the specific sequence of 18S rRNA genes using Light Cycler system and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FERT). The patients with hematologic malignancies and bone marrow transplant recipients were evaluated for IC based on the revised European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/ Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria.<br /> Results: From 2009 to 2011, 72 patients with hematologic malignancies and bone marrow transplant recipients were evaluated for IC. The female to male ratio was 27:45; the mean age was 32.1 years. The most common malignancy in this patient was acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (27.8%) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (26.4%). Out of 72 patients, 11 patients (15.3%) had positive real time PCR /probe results. Based on the melting temperature (Tm) analysis, 5 (45.4%) C. krusei, 3 (27.2%) C. tropicalis, 2 (18.1%) C. parapsilosis and 1 C. albicans (9%) were identified. According to the revised EORTC / MSG, 1 patient (9%) and 10 patients (91%) were defined as proven and possible groups of IC, respectively. The mortality rate in proven and possible IC patient was found 54.5%. Conclusion: The established Real-time PCR/FRET probe assay is an appropriate diagnostic tool for the detection of Candida species DNA and the management of patients suffering from hematologic malignancies and bone marrow recipient are at risk for IC.
Candida,hematological malignancy,Identification,invasive,Real-Time PCR
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90283.html
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90283_f4b7e69df3fb6ae25252814271269f91.pdf
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Current Medical Mycology
2423-3439
2423-3420
1
1
2015
03
01
Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
42
48
EN
Sadegh
Khodavaisy
0000-0001-8039-4991
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
sadegh_7392008@yahoo.com
Esmaeil
Mortaz
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
emortaz@gmail.com
Faezeh
Mohammadi
Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
faezehmohamadi119@yahoo.com
Masoud
Aliyali
Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran;
Hamed
Fakhim
0000-0002-0517-7994
Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine/ Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
hamed.fakhim1000@gmail.com
Hamid
Badali
0000-0002-6010-8414
Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology/Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine/ Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
badalii@yahoo.com
10.18869/acadpub.cmm.1.1.42
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a chronic inflammatory response in airways and lung parenchyma that results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoking considered as an important risk factor plays a role in pathogenesis of disease. Pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical opportunistic fungus that causes pneumonia in immunosuppressed host, although the low levels of its DNA in patients without signs and symptoms of pneumonia, which likely represents colonization. The increased prevalence of P. jirovecii colonization in COPD patients has led to an interest in understanding its role in the disease. P. jirovecii colonization in these patients could represent a problem for public health since colonized patients could act as a major reservoir and source of infection for susceptible subjects. Using sensitive molecular techniques, low levels of P. jirovecii DNA have been detected in the respiratory tract of certain individuals. It is necessary to elucidate the role of P. jirovecii colonization in the natural history of COPD patients in order to improve the clinical management of this disease. In the current review paper, we discuss P. jirovecii colonization in COPD patients.
Chronic Obstructive,Pneumocystis jirovecii,Pulmonary Disease,smoking
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90284.html
https://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/article_90284_9f8bc532eaebcda552fcb4aab18cd9c4.pdf