Before you begin
All publishing elements, from the author to the editor-in-chief, should observe the ethical rules in publishing. All ethical principles in publishing have been evaluated by the issued flowcharts of COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) and all are bound to obey the articles of the treaty. Authors publish their articles with confidence in the issued rules. On the other hand, all legal affairs of the authors will be protected by legal experts.
Manuscript Preparation:
Language:
Manuscripts should be written in clear, grammatical English. The past tense should be used throughout in describing the results and the present tense in referring to previously established and generally accepted results. Authors who are unsure of correct English usage should have their manuscript checked by somebody who is proficient in the language; manuscripts that are deficient in this respect may be returned to the author for revision before scientific review.
Typing:
Manuscripts must be typewritten in Times New Roman font, 12 points size, double-spaced (including References, Tables, and Figure legends) with wide margins (2.5 cm from all sides) on one side of A4 paper. The beginning of each new paragraph must be clearly indicated by indentation. Each of the following sections should start on a separate page: Abstract, text, references, tables, and figure legends. All pages should be numbered consecutively at the bottom starting with the title page.
Important Note: Add line numbers continuously.
Submission Instruction:
- Cover letter
- Title & Running Title
- Title page (Authors, Affiliations, Corresponding author contact details)
- Introduction
- Material and Methods (Statistics)
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- Author's Contributions
- Conflict of Interests
- Financial Disclosure
- Disclosure of Generative AI Use
- References
- Tables
- Figures / Images
- Word count limit
Title and Running Title:
- Write a brief and informative title that identifies the nature of the subject matter. Avoid chemical formulas or abbreviations.
- Write a running title of no more than 50 characters and spaces.
Title page:
The title page should include:
- (a) The full title of the Manuscript
- (b) The Authors' full names (first name, middle initial, surname) with degrees and status in the institute;
- (c) Affiliations, institution, city, and state or country where the work was done);
- (d) The name and full address of the corresponding author indicated by a star ( e-mail address, and if available URL address);
Abbreviations: Only common abbreviations may be used without definition. Terms appearing frequently (three or more times) within a paper may be abbreviated but should be spelled out at first citation, with the abbreviation following in parentheses.
Abstract:
- This should be formatted, including Background and Purpose, Materials and Methods, Results, and Conclusion.
- The abstract should not be more than 400 words.
- Write the abstract in the third person.
- References should not be cited and abbreviations should be avoided.
Keywords:
- A list of three to five keywords should be included at the foot of the abstract.
Introduction:
- This should contain a description of the problem under investigation and relevant background information and published studies should be described concisely, and be cited appropriately.
Materials and Methods:
- This section should only include information that was available at the time the study was planned or the protocol written; all information obtained during the conduct of the study belongs to the results section.
Results:
- This section should include the findings of the study. Data should not be repeated in both a table and a Figure.
Statistics: Whenever possible, quantify findings and present them with appropriate indicators of measurement error or uncertainty (such as confidence intervals). Define the statistical methods used to analyze the variables. Report losses to observation (such as dropouts from a clinical trial). When data are summarized in the Results section, specify the statistical methods used to analyze them. Define statistical terms, abbreviations, and most symbols. Specify the computer software used. For all P values include the exact value and not less than 0.05 or 0.001.
Discussion:
- Include a summary of key findings; Strengths and limitations of the study (study question, study design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation); Interpretation and implications in the context of the totality of evidence (is there a systematic review to refer to, if not, could one be reasonably done here and now?, what this study adds to the available evidence, effects on patient care and health policy, possible mechanisms); Controversies raised by this study; and future research directions (for this particular research collaboration, underlying mechanisms, clinical research). It should relate the results to previous works and interpret them, not a simple recapitulation of the Results or the Introduction section.
References:
- Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references.
- References should be numbered sequentially in the order of their citation in the text and inserted between square brackets, e.g. [1], [6-10].
- The list of references should follow the order of their citation with a complete listing of authors (if 7 or more authors, list the first 6 authors followed by et al.).
- Only published, "in press" papers and books may be cited in the reference list.
- Periodical titles should be abbreviated according to Index Medicus.
Journals:
- Calderon L, Williams R, Martinez M, Clemons K, Stevens D. Genetic susceptibility to vaginal candidiasis. Med Mycol. 2003; 41(2):143-7.
Books:
- Anaissie EJ, McGinnis MR, Pfaller MA. Clinical mycology. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2009.
- Edited Books
- Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, Wilson JD, Martin JB, DL K, editors.Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 14 ed. New York: McGraw Hill, Health Professions Division; 1998.
- Book chapter:
- Porter RJ, Meldrum BS. Antiepileptic drugs. In: Katzung BG, editor. Basic and clinical pharmacology. 6 ed. Norwalk: Appleton and Lange; 1995. p. 361-80.
Conference proceedings:
- Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995; Kyoto, Japan: Elsevier.
Online database:
- Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious disease. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar; 1(1):[24 screens]. Available from: URL:http://www/cdc/gov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm. Accessed December 25, 1999.
- Health on the net foundation code of Conduct (HONcode) for medical and health websites. http://www.hon.ch/Conduct.html. Accessed 30 June 1998.
- Web page with author:
- Atherton, J. Behaviour modification [Internet]. 2010 [updated 2010 Feb 10; cited 2010 Apr 10]. Available from:
http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/behaviour_mod.htm
- Web page no author:
- The family impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) [Internet] 2009 Nov 1 [updated 2010 Jan 1; cited 2010 Apr 8]. Available from: http://www.virtualmedicalcentre.com.au/health
For authors using EndNote, Springer provides an output style that supports the formatting of in-text citations and reference lists.
Download EndNote style (CMM)
Tables:
- The table should present only essential data, must be numbered sequentially in the order in which they are first referenced in the text, and must be referred to in the text.
- Each table should be supplied as a separate page at the end of the main document and not embedded within the body of the text.
- The table header should be brief and self-explanatory. If it contains generic and species names, these must be spelled out in full, e.g., Candida albicans, not C. albicans.
- Column headings should be brief and include units in parentheses where applicable. Only horizontal rule lines should be used and then only for headers and footers.
- Tables should be considered as “stand-alone” documents through which data are summarized for presentation to readers. As such, all abbreviations employed in the tables MUST be defined by footnotes included directly below the tables.
Figures/Images:
- Figures should be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc., and mentioned clearly in the main text.
- Provide a brief title for each figure on a separate page.
- Detailed legends should not be provided under the figures. This part should be added to the text where the figures are applicable.
- Figures should be either Photoshop or Illustrator files (in tiff, eps, and jpeg formats) at high resolution.
- It is our principle to publish high-resolution figures for printed and E-versions. If digital images are the only source of images, ensure that the image has a minimum resolution of 300 dpi or 1800 x 1600 pixels in TIFF format.
- File names should identify the figure and panel. Avoid layering type directly over shaded or textured areas.
Word count limit: Check the limitation based on categories of articles.
Acknowledgment
- This section should include a statement thanking those who substantially assisted with work relevant to the study.
- Detailed information regarding all financial and material support for the research and work, not limited to grant support, funding sources, and provision of equipment and supplies.
Author's Contributions
- We ask authors to make these statements, specifying the ways in which the authors contributed to the paper.
- Please capitalize the first letter of the first name and last name next to the appropriate category.
- Example: A.M. contributed to the analysis and interpretation of data
Conflict of Interests
- All authors submitting articles to the journal must disclose any conflict of interest they may have with an institution or product that is mentioned in the manuscript and/or is important to the outcome of the study presented.
- Authors should also disclose conflicts of interest with products that compete with those mentioned in their manuscript.
- The Editor will discuss with the authors on an individual basis the method by which any conflicts of interest will be communicated to the readers.
Financial Disclosure
- Financial disclosure should apply to all manuscript submissions. Authors are expected to provide detailed information about any relevant financial interests or financial conflicts within the past 5 years and for the foreseeable future.
- Authors who have no relevant financial interests are asked to provide a statement indicating that they have no financial interests related to the material in the manuscript.
Disclosure of Generative AI Use
Authors who have used generative AI or AI-assisted tools in the writing process must include a statement titled “Declaration of Generative AI use” at the end of the manuscript, immediately before the references or bibliography. This statement should specify the tool or service used and the purpose of its use, following the recommended format:
During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
The disclosure will also appear in the published version of the work.
Use of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies
This policy applies only to the writing process and excludes the use of AI for data analysis or research insights. Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies may be used solely to enhance the readability and language of a manuscript, under human oversight. Authors must carefully review and edit AI-generated text, as such tools may produce inaccurate, incomplete, or biased content. Authors bear full responsibility for the manuscript’s content.
Use of these technologies must be disclosed in the manuscript, and a statement will appear in the published article. AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors, nor cited as such, as authorship entails responsibilities that only humans can fulfill, including final approval of the work, ensuring originality, compliance with authorship criteria, and adherence to ethical publishing standards.
Generative AI and AI-assisted tools may not be used to create or modify images, figures, or artwork, except for adjustments in brightness, contrast, or color balance that do not alter underlying information. Detection tools may be applied to identify image manipulation. Exceptions are permitted only when AI use forms part of the research methodology (e.g., biomedical imaging), in which case detailed, reproducible descriptions—including software details—must be provided in the methods section, along with original, unaltered image data when requested. Use of AI in graphical abstracts or other artwork is prohibited.
Sending a revised manuscript
- While submitting a revised manuscript, contributors are requested to address each comment of the reviewer, followed by a detailed response in reply to the reviewers' comments table.
- Please add line numbers to the revised manuscript file continuously to help the reviewers identify the changes.
Make sure that it is a "point-by-point" response.
- In addition, mark the changes as colored text in the article.
- The point-by-point reply should also be incorporated into the revised manuscript, and the page and line number of the revision should be included in the author's point-by-point reply.
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