Comparison of antifungal efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa leaf and Punica granatum peel in uncontrolled diabetic patients wearing removable dentures: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Document Type : Original Articles

Authors

1 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Drs Sudha and Nageswararao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Gannavaram Mandal, Krishna District, Andhrapradesh, India

2 Department of Periodontics, Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Institute, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India

3 Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India

Abstract

Background and Purpose: The search for the development of a suitable novel antimicrobial agent for fungal diseases continues to be a key problem in the current clinical field. The present investigation was aimed to determine the antifungal effect of the ethanolic crude extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa leaf (Wfl) and Punica granatum peel (Pgp) in uncontrolled diabetic patients wearing removable dentures.
Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extracts of both plants were prepared using the soxhlet extraction method, and the obtained metabolites were confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. After the preparation of the mouthwash, a total of 100 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Each subject was given physiological saline at the baseline. Group I was provided with P. granatum mouthwash, while Group II was given W. fruticosa mouthwash. Following the administration of the mouthwash, the patients were requested to rinse the mouthwash using the oral rinse technique twice daily 5 ml/rinse for 30 sec. Subsequently, colony-forming units (CFU) were evaluated in the participants. Post-therapeutic samples were collected 1 h and 1 week after the mouthwash use.
Results: The mean reduction of CFU was calculated at the baseline, as well as 1 h and 1 week after using mouthwash. The results indicated a drastic reduction in CFU 1 h and 1 week after the application of Wfl mouthwash.
Conclusion: The obtained data revealed that Wfl had potential anticandidal activity against Candida yeast cells, probably owing to its bioactive compounds like glycosides. Therefore, this agent can be used effectively as a natural remedy for the treatment of oral candidiasis. However, the exact mechanism of action of this plant needs to be elucidated.
 
 

Keywords

References

1. Manning DJ, Coughlin RP, Poskitt EM. Candida in mouth or on dummy? Arch Dis Child. 1985; 60(4):381-2.
2. Berdicevsky I, Ben-Aryeh H, Szargel R, Gutman D. Oral Candida in children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1984; 57(1):37-40.
3. Cumming CG, Wight C, Blackwell CL, Wray D. Denture stomatitis in the elderly. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1990; 5(2):82-5.
4. Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Casadevall A, Galgiani JN, Odds FC, Rex JH. An insight into antifungal pipeline: selected new molecules and beyond. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2010; 9(9):719-27.
5. Scorzoni L, De Paula e Silva, Marcos CM, Assato PA, de Melo WC, de Oliveria HC, et al. Antifungal therapy: new advances in understanding and treatment of mycosis. Front Microbiol. 2017; 8:36.
6. Maberley DJ. Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2017. P. 508.
7. Sahu VK, Ahmad S. Phytochemical screening of secondary metabolites present in Woodfordia fruticosa leaves and their antibacterial properties with different solvent extracts. Int J Quart Environ Science. 2015; 7(1):260-6.
8. Parekh J, Chanda S. In vitro antibacterial activity of the crude methanol extract of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. flower (Lythraceae). Braz J Microbiol. 2007; 38(2):204-7.
9. Kumaraswamy MV, Kavitha HU, Satish S. Antibacterial potential of extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa kurz on human pathogens. World J Med Sci. 2008; 3(2):93-6.
10. Chougale AD, Padul MV, Arfeen S, Kakad SL. Antibacterial activity directed fractionation of Woodfordia fruticosa kurz. Leaves. 2009; 8(31):75-81.
11. Kaur R, Kaur H. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil and plant extracts of Woodfordia fruticosa. Arch Appl Sci Res. 2010; 2(1):302-9.
12. Kharate MS, Pandhure NB. Phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of medicinal plant crude extract, Woodfordia fruticosa Linn from Marathwada, Maharashtra state. Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol. 2018; 6(1):38.
13. Anibal C. Antifungal activity of the ethanolic extracts of Punicagranatum L. and evaluation of the morphological and structural modifications of its compounds upon the cells of Candida spp. Braz J Microbiol. 2013; 44(3):839-48.
14. Vasconcelos LC, Sampaio FC, Sampaio MC, Pereira Mdo S, Higino JS, Peixoto MH. Minimum inhibitory concentration of adherence of Punicagranatum Linn (pomegranate) gel against S. mutans, S. mitis and C. albicans. Braz Dent J. 2006; 17(3):223-7.
15. Duman AD, Ozgen M, Dayisoylu KS, Erbil N, Durgac C. Antimicrobial activity of six pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.) varieties and their relation to some of their pomological and phytonutrient characteristics. Molecules. 2009; 14(5):1808-17.
16. Ferrazzano GF, Scioscia E, Sateriale D, Pastore G, Colicchio R, Pagliuca C. In vitro antibacterial activity of pomegranate juice and peel extracts on cariogenic bacteria. Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017:2152749.
17. Bassiri-Jahromi S, Pourshafie MR, Ardakani EM, Ehsani AH, Doostkam A, Katirae F. In vivo comparative evaluation of the Pomegranate (Punicagranatum) peel extract as an alternative agent to Nystatin against Oral Candidiasis. Iran J Med Sci. 2018; 43(3):296-304.
18. Mostafa AA, Al-Askar AA, Almaary KS, Dawoud TM, Sholkamy EN, Bakri MM. Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018; 25(2):361-6.
19. Kumar S, Jyotirmayee K, Sarangi M. Thin layer chromatography: a tool of biotechnology for isolation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res. 2013; 18(1):126-32.
20. Sritrairat N, Nukul N, Inthasame P, Sansuk A, Prasirt J, Leewatthanakon T, et al. Antifungal activity of lawsone methyl ether in comparison with chlorohexidine. J Oral Pathol Med. 2011; 40(1):90-6.
21. Lim J. Hedonic scaling: a review of methods and theory. Food Qual Prefer. 2011; 22(8):733-47.
22. Kakoei S, Pardakhty A, Maryam-Al-Sadat Hashemipour HL, Kalantari B, Tahmasebi E. Comparison the pain relief of amitriptyline mouthwash with benzydamine in oral mucositis. J Dent. 2018; 19(1):34.
23. Wise R, Hart T, Cars O, Streulens M, Helmuth R, Huovinen P, et al. Antimicrobial resistance. Is a major threat to public health. BMJ. 1998; 317(7159):609-10.
24. Sheng C, Zhang W. New lead structures in antifungal drug discovery. Curr Med Chem. 2011; 18(5):733-66.
25. Palande N. Acute oral toxicity study of extract derived from Woodfordia fruticosa in Albino Wistar Rats. Glob J Res Scholar. 2016; 6(1):8-11.
26. Patel C, Dadhaniya P, Hingorani L, Soni MG. Safety assessment of pomegranate fruit extract: acute and sub-acute toxicity studies. Food Chem Toxicol. 2008; 46(8):2728-35.
27. Chandel SS. Preliminary phytochemical and physicochemical investigation of Woodfordia fruticosa (Linn) Kurz root. Int J Green Pharmacy. 2018; 12(4):840-6.
28. Dubey D, Sahu MC, Rath S, Paty BP, Debata NK, Padhy RN. Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants used by Aborigines of kalahandi, orissa, India against multidrug resistant bacteria. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; 2(2): S846-54.
29. Rani S, Rahman K, Younis M, Basar SN. Dhawa (Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz.): a versatile medicinal plant. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res. 2015; 7(4):315-20.
30. Dubey D, Patnaik R, Ghosh G, Padhy RN. In vitro antibacterial activity, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. leaf extract and host toxicity testing with in vitro cultured lymphocytes from human umbilical cord blood. Osong Publ Health Res Perspect. 2014; 5(5):298-312.
31. Grover N, Meena R, Patni V. Physiochemical evaluation, phytochemical screening and chromatographic fingerprint profile of Woodfordia fruticose (L.) Kurz extracts. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2014; 5(7):2772-82.
32. Kabesh K, Senthilkumar P, Ragunathan R, Kumar RR. Phytochemical analysis of Catharanthus roseus plant extract and its antimicrobial activity. Int J Pure App Biosci. 2015; 3(2):162-72.
33. Zhang JD, Xu Z, Cao YB, Chen HS, Yan L, An MM, et al. Antifungal activities and action mechanisms of compounds from Tribulus terrestris L. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006; 103(1):76-84.
34. Cana PA, Jaeyong CH, Hwang B, Hwang IS, Mi Ran Kim ER, Lee DG. Styraxjaponoside A and B, Antifungal Lignan Glycosides Isolated from Styrax japonica S. et Z. Biomol Ther. 2010; 18(4):420-5.
35. Freiesleben S, Jäger A. Correlation between plant secondary metabolites and their antifungal mechanisms–a review. Med Aromatic Plants. 2014; 3(2):1-6.
36. Lee WJ, Moon JS, Kim SI, Bahn YS, Lee H, Kang TH, et al. A phenylpropanoid glycoside as a calcineurin inhibitor isolated from Magnolia obovata Thunb. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015; 25(9):1429-32. 37. Al-Zoreky NS. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.) fruit peels. Int J Food Microbiol. 2009; 134(3):244-8.
38. Lavaee F, Motaghi D, Jassbi AR, Jafarian H, Ghasemi F, Badiee P. Antifungal effect of the bark and root extracts of Punica granatum on oral Candida isolates. Curr Med Mycol. 2018; 4(4):20.
39. Mansourian A, Boojarpour N, Ashnagar S, Beitollahi JM, Shamshiri AR. The comparative study of antifungal activity of Syzygium aromaticum, Punica granatum and nystatin on Candida albicans; an in vitro study. J Mycol Med. 2014; 24(4): e163-8.
40. Endo EH, Ueda-Nakamura T, Nakamura CV, Filho BP. Activity of spray-dried micro particles containing pomegranate peel extract against Candida albicans. Molecules. 2012; 17(9):10094-107.
41. Tayel AA, El-Tras WF. Anticandidal activity of pomegranate peel extract aerosol as an applicable sanitizing method. Mycoses. 2010; 53(2):117-22.
42. Saleh MS, Mickymaray S. Antifungal efficacy and mechanisms of flavonoids. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(2):45.
43. Parera LA, Lawa Y, More E. The effect of ethanol extracts of red pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) on activities Candida albicans. Environ Conservat. 2019; 25:81-6.
44. Zore GB, Thakre AD, Jadhav S, Karuppayil SM. Terpenoids inhibit Candida albicans growth by affecting membrane integrity and arrest of cell cycle. Phytomedicine. 2011; 18(13):1181-90.
Current Medical Mycology
Volume 6, Issue 3
September 2020
Pages 15-20

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 May 2020
  • Revise Date: 02 July 2020
  • Accept Date: 26 July 2020
  • Publish Date: 01 September 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics