1. Borman AM, Summerbell RC. Trichophyton, Microsporum,
Epidermo- phyton, and agents of superficial mycoses. In:
Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Carroll KC, Funke G, Landry ML,
Richter SS, Warnock DW, eds. Manual Of Clinical Microbiology,
vol 2. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2015: 2128–2152.
2. Gnat S, Nowakiewicz A, Łagowski D, Zięba P. Host- and
pathogen-dependent susceptibility and predisposition to
dermatophytosis. J Med Microbiol. 2019; 68: 823–836. doi:
10.1099/jmm.0.000982.
3. Drake LA, Dinehart SM, Farmer ER, Goltz RW, Graham GF,
Hordinsky MK et al. Guidelines of care for superficial mycotic
infections of the skin: Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea faciei,
tinea manuum, and tinea pedis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996; 34:
282–286. doi: 10.1016/S0190-9622(96)80135-6.
4. Cafarchia C, Romito D, Capelli G, Guillot J, Otranto D.
Isolation of Microsporum canis from the hair coat of pet dogs
and cats belonging to owners diagnosed with M. canis tinea
corporis. Vet Dermatol. 2006; 17: 327–331. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-
3164.2006.00533.x.
5. Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Corazza M, D’Achille P, Ponticelli C.
Environmental detection of Microsporum canis arthrospores in
the households of infected cats and dogs. J Feline Med Surg.
2003; 5: 323–28. doi: 10.1016/S1098-612X(03)00071-8.
6. Akbaba M, Ilkit M, Sutoluk Z, Ates A, Zorba H. Comparison of
hairbrush, toothbrush and cotton swab methods for diagnosing
asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp carriage. J Eur Acad
Dermatol Venereol. 2008; 22(3):356-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-
3083.2007.02442.x. PMID: 18269603.
7. de Hoog GS, Dukik K, Monod M, Packeu A, Stubbe D,
Hendrickx M, et al. Toward a Novel Multilocus Phylogenetic
Taxonomy for the Dermatophytes. Mycopathologia. 2017;
182:5-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-016-0073-9
8. Murmu S, Debnath C, Pramanik AK, Mitra T, Jana S, Dey S, et
al. Detection and characterization of zoonotic dermatophytes
from dogs and cats in and around Kolkata. Vet World. 2015;
8(9):1078-82. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.1078-1082.
9. da Cunha MM, Capote-Bonato F, Capoci IRG, Bonato DV,
Ghizzi LG, Paiva-Lima P, et al. Epidemiological investigation
and molecular typing of dermatophytosis caused by
Microsporum canis in dogs and cats. Prev Vet Med. 2019;
167:39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.03.019.
10. Pier AC, Moriello KA. Parasitic relationship between
Microsporum canis and the cat. Med Mycol. 1998; 36(1): 271–
275.
11. Debnath C, Mitra T, Kumar A, Samanta I. Detection of
dermatophytes in healthy companion dogs and cats in eastern
India. Iran j vet res. 2016; 17(1), 20–24.
12. Gnat S, Łagowski D, Nowakiewicz A, Zięba P. Phenotypic
characterization of enzymatic activity of clinical dermatophyte
isolates from animals with and without skin lesions and humans.
J Appl Microbiol. 2018; 125: 700–709. doi: 10.1111/jam.13921.
13. Elewski BE. Tinea capitis: A current perspective. J
Am Acad Dermatol. 2000; 42: 1–20. doi: 10.1016/S0190-
9622(00)90001-X.
14. Gupta AK, Summerbell RC. Increased incidence of
Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis in Ontario, Canada
between 1985 and 1996: Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis.
Med Mycol. 2008; 36: 55–60. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-
280X.1998.00129.x.
15. Ilkit M, Demirhindi H. Asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp
carriage: laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology and management.
Mycopathologia. 2008; 165: 61–71. doi: 10.1007/s11046-007-
9081-0.
16. Allahdadi M, Hajihossein R, Kord M, Rahmati E, Amanloo S,
Didehdar M. Molecular characterization and antifungal
susceptibility profile of dermatophytes isolated from scalp
dermatophyte carriage in primary school children in Arak city,
Center of Iran. J Mycolo Méd. 2019; 29: 19–23. doi:
10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.01.002.
17. Mhrenschlager M, Bruckbauer H, Seidl HP, Ring J, Hofmann H.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Carriers and Cases of Tinea Capitis
in Five to Six-Year-Old Preschool Children From Augsburg,
Germany: Results From the Miriam Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J
2005; 24: 749–50. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000172909.73601.dc.
18. Neil G, Hanslo D, Buccimazza S, Kibel M. Control of the carrier
state of scalp dermatophytes. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1990; 9: 57.
doi: 10.1097/00006454-199001000-00013.
19. Ilkit M, Demirhindi H, Yetgin M, Ates A, Turaç-Biçer A, Yula
E. Asymptomatic dermatophyte scalp carriage in school children
in Adana, Turkey. Mycoses. 2007; 50: 130–34. doi:
10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01335.x.
20. Vargo K, Cohen BA. Prevalence of undetected tinea capitis in
household members of children with disease. Pediatrics. 1993;
92: 155–57.
21. Foster KW, Ghannoum MA, Elewski BE. Epidemiologic
surveillance of cutaneous fungal infection in the United States
from 1999 to 2002. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004; 50: 748–52.
doi: 10.1016/S0190-9622(03)02117-0.
22. Hay RJ, Clayton YM, De Silva N, Midgley G, Rossor E. Tinea
capitis in south-east London a new pattern of infection with
public health implications. Br J Dermatol.1996; 135: 955–58.
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1101.x.
23. Nishimoto K, Honma K, Shinoda H, Ogasawara Y. Survey of
Trichophyton tonsurans Infection in the Kyushu, Chugoku and
Shikoku Areas of Japan. Jpn J Med Mycol. 2005; 46: 105–08.
doi: 10.3314/jjmm.46.105.
24. Poisson DM, Rousseau D, Defo D, Estève E. Outbreak of tinea corporis gladiatorum, a fungal skin infection due to
Trichophyton tonsurans, in a French high level judo team. Euro
Surveill. 2005; 10: 187–190.
25. Ghannoum M, Isham N, Hajjeh R, Cano M, Al-Hasawi F,
Yearicka D et al. Tinea capitis in Cleveland: Survey of
elementary school students. J Am Acad Dermatolo. 2003; 48:
189–93.doi: 10.1067/mjd.2003.109.
26. Sharma V, Hall JC, Knapp JF, Sarai S, Galloway D, Babel DE.
Scalp colonization by Trichophyton tonsurans in an urban
pediatric clinic? Asymptomatic carrier state. Arch Dermatol.
1988; 124: 1511–13.
27. Williams JV, Honig PJ, McGinley KJ, Leyden JJ. Semiquantitative
study of tinea capitis and the asymptomatic carrier state in innercity school children. Pediatrics. 1995; 96: 265–67.
28. Figueroa JI, Hawranek T, Abraha A, Hay RJ. Tinea capitis in
south-western Ethiopia: a study of risk factors for infection and
carriage. Int J Dermatol. 1997; 36: 661–66. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-
4362.1997.00236.x.
29. Omar AA. Ringworm of the scalp in primary-school children in
Alexandria: infection and carriage. East Mediterr Health J. 2000;
6: 961–967.
30. Polonelli L, Garcovich A, Morace G. Dermatophyte Carriers
among School Children Dermatophyten-Träger unter Schulkindern.
Mycoses. 1982; 25: 254–57. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1982.
tb02751.x.
)